Early demonstration of label-free optical detection of parathyroid tissue intraoperatively, establishing autofluorescence as a viable identification technique.

Validation in a clinical setting that near-infrared autofluorescence reliably localizes parathyroid glands without exogenous labels.

Characterizes variable autofluorescence intensity patterns and links low/heterogeneous signals to hyperfunctioning parathyroid tissue — important for intraoperative interpretation.

Controlled comparison showing performance of NIR autofluorescence versus white light for intraoperative parathyroid identification during thyroidectomy.

PARAFLUO multicenter randomized data assessing whether autofluorescence detection affects postoperative hypocalcemia risk — a key clinical-impact study.

Comprehensive review summarizing intraoperative NIR fluorescence techniques, evidence, and practical considerations for parathyroid preservation.

Diagnostic evaluation of perioperative autofluorescence imaging to help preserve parathyroid glands during thyroid surgery.

Editorial emphasizing how focused inspection guided by NIR autofluorescence improves visual identification and reduces the risk of inadvertent resection.

Surgeon-blinded multicenter comparison showing how NIR autofluorescence detection compares to surgeon experience for intraoperative parathyroid identification.